MIL-E-52891B (NOTICE 1)
作者:标准资料网 时间:2024-05-03 08:45:41 浏览:8732
来源:标准资料网
MIL-E-52891B (NOTICE 1), MILITARY SPECIFICATION: ENAMEL, LUSTERLESS, ZINC PHOSPHATE, STYRENATED ALKYD TYPE (02 NOV 2005)., MIL-E-52891B is inactive for new design and is no longer used, except for replacement purposes.The Qualified Products List (QPL) associated with this inactive for new design specification will be maintained until acquisition of the product is no longer required, whereupon the specification and QPL will be canceled.
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforBloodIrradiationDosimetry
【原文标准名称】:血液辐射剂量测定的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51939-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;absorbed-dosemapping;bloodproducts;bloodirradiation;dosimeter;dosimetrysystem;irradiator;ionizingradiation;measurementqualityassuranceplan;measurementuncertainty;radiation-sensitiveindicators;reference-standarddosimeter
【摘要】:4.1Theassurancethatbloodandbloodcomponentshavebeenproperlyirradiatedisofcrucialimportanceforpatienthealth.Theirradiatoroperatormustdemonstratebymeansofaccurateabsorbed-dosemeasurementsontheproduct,orinsimulatedproduct,thatthespecifiedabsorbeddosehasbeenachievedthroughouttheproduct.4.2Bloodandbloodcomponentsareirradiatedatpredetermineddosestoinactivateviablelymphocytestohelppreventtransfusion-inducedgraft-versus-hostdisease(GVHD)incertainimmunocompromisedpatientsandthosereceivingrelated-donorproducts(1,2).64.3Bloodandbloodcomponentsmaybetreatedwithionizingradiation,suchasgammaraysfrom137Csor60Cosources,andfromself-containedX-ray(bremsstrahlung)unitsandmedicallinearX-ray(bremsstrahlung)andelectronacceleratorsusedprimarilyforradiotherapy.4.3.1Theterms"gammarays"and"gammaradiation"areusedinterchangeably,asaretheterms"X-ray"and"Xradiation."4.4Bloodirradiationspecificationsincludealowerlimitofabsorbeddose,andmayincludeanupperlimitorcentraltargetdose.Foragivenapplication,anyofthesevaluesmaybeprescribedbyregulationsthathavebeenestablishedonthebasisofavailablescientificdata.See2.4.4.5Foreachbloodirradiator,anabsorbed-doserateatareferencepositionwithinthecanisterismeasuredbythemanufactureraspartofacceptancetestingusingareferencestandarddosimetrysystem.Thatreference-standardmeasurementisusedtocalculatethetimersettingrequiredtodeliverthespecifiedabsorbeddosetothecenterofthecanisterwithbloodandbloodcomponents,orotherreferenceposition.Eitherrelativeorabsoluteabsorbed-dosemeasurementsareperformedwithintheblood-orblood-equivalentvolumefordeterminingtheabsorbed-dosedistribution.Accurateradiationdosimetryatareferencepositionwhichcouldbethepositionofthemaximumabsorbeddose(Dmax)orminimumabsorbeddose(Dmin)offersaquantitative,independentmethodtomonitortheradiationprocess.4.6Dosimetryispartofameasurementqualityassuranceprogramthatisappliedtoensurethattheradiationprocessmeetspredeterminedspecifications(3).4.7Absorbed-dosemappingisoftenperformedusingsimulatedproduct(forexample,polystyreneisconsideredbloodequivalentfor137Csphotonenergies).4.8Bloodandbloodcomponentsareusuallychilledorfrozen.Careshouldbetaken,therefore,toensurethatthedosimetersandradiation-sensitiveindicatorscanbeusedundersuchtemperatureconditions.4.9Properdocumentationandrecordkeepingarecriticalcomponentsofradiationprocessing.Thisstandarddoesnotaddressthisissuesincethepertinentgoverningbodiessetminimumrequirements.4.10Mostdosimetershavesignificantenergydependenceatphotonandelectronenergieslessthan100keV,sogreatcaremustbeexercisedwhenmeasuringabsorbeddoseinthatenergyrange.1.1Thispracticeoutlinesirradiatorinstallationqualification,operationalqualification,performancequalification,androutineproductprocessingdosimetricprocedurestobefollowedintheirradiationofbloodandbloodcomponentsbytheblood-bankingcommunity.Iffollowed,theseprocedureswillhelptoensurethattheproductsprocessedwithionizingradiationfromgamma,X-rays(bremsstrahlung),orelectronsourcesreceiveabsorbeddoseswithinapredeterminedrange.1.2Thispracticecoversdosimetryfortheirradiationofbloodforthesetypesofirradiators:self-containedirradiators(free-standingirradiators)utilizing137Cs,60CoorX-rays(bremsstrahlung),teletherapyunits,andelectronaccelerators.Theabsorbeddoserangeforbloodirradiationistypically15Gyto50Gy.Insomejurisdictions,theabsorbeddoserangeforbloodirradiationis25Gyto50Gy.1......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
